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Historic Amherst

Historic Amherst

Amherst’s Last Surviving Civil War Veteran

BY KATRINA HOLMAN

 

      Memorial Day began as Decoration Day, an annual occasion to decorate the graves of soldiers who died in the Civil War. The Commander in Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, the Civil War veterans association, issued a general order to the posts throughout the country, designating May 30, 1868 as “a day for strewing with flowers or otherwise decorating the graves of comrades who died in the defense of their country.” The proclamation (reprinted in the newspaper of Amherst, N.H.) also said:  “Let us in this solemn presence renew our pledges to aid and assist … the soldier’s and sailor’s widow and orphan.” 

First Memorial Day

      The first Memorial observance in Amherst was conducted in June 1869, four years after the Civil War ended, led by Milford’s G.A.R. Post (established July 1868). Amherst’s Lawrence Engine Company of 40 firefighters escorted the procession to Meadowview Cemetery. After Amherst’s own G.A.R. Post, No. 43, was installed July 1879, it led subsequent Memorial Day observances in our town. 

Amherst’s Civil War Statistics

      About 104 Amherst men served in the Civil War, not counting non-resident substitutes paid for by Amherst. (The number varies a bit depending on how one attributes a man’s hometown.) Amherst’s beautiful Soldiers’ Monument, erected in 1871, lists 26 men who died while serving in the Union Army – 7 killed in or from battle action, 2 by accident (one in camp shot by a comrade, the other by collision of two steamers), 1 as POW, leaving 16 who died of disease. Their deaths resulted in 23 fatherless children.

      This chapter in our town’s history began in April 1861 when Amherst held its first meeting to support the war effort, shortly after President Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to serve for three (sic, 3) months (yes, months!), and 16 young men were inspired to sign up immediately. The following afternoon, 11 of them gathered and had a group photo taken (now in the collection of the Historical Society of Amherst). As “three-months men” they received training but never even made it out of N.H.        

      However, all but one of those eleven re-enlisted; one lost a leg but lived and three of them died, two of disease before the year had ended. All were 19 years old or in their twenties, except the oldest was a 38-year-old married fellow and the youngest was 18-year-old farm boy, Daniel A. Peabody, who would end up being the last surviving Civil War vet of Amherst. Daniel (re)enlisted for 3 years in the 5th Regiment of N.H. Volunteers and served for one year in Company I, which contained a dozen Amherst men, before being discharged due to disease. 

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Amherst_Portrait_PeabodyDanielA_bearded.

Daniel A. Peabody (1842-1925), Amherst’s last living Civil War vet

Daniel A. Peabody

      Born in New Boston the youngest of nine children, Daniel A. Peabody (1842-1925) arrived in Amherst at age 3 in 1846 when his father bought the Samuel Bell House (before the distinctive mansard roof was added by Harrison Eaton; now known as Country Mansion) at the west end of the Village. In the purchase deed, Francis Peabody (1793-1872) called his occupation “gentleman” meaning, I suppose, that he had made substantial money through the manufacture of sashes, blinds (window shutters) and doors, but in Amherst he was primarily a farmer though sometimes also carpenter and producer of chestnut shingles. In 1855, Francis sold the Samuel Bell House, reserving 8 acres on which he had built a new house next-door, the two-story Greek Revival style house still standing at 133 Amherst Street, “on the brow of the hill just south of the Village.” Francis & wife Lydia lived there the rest of their lives. It was from this home that young Daniel left for war and to which he returned in 1862. His mother died while he was off fighting for the Union.     

      Daniel took over the farm when his father died, and his two unmarried sisters continued to live there with him, keeping house as they had for their widowed father. Around 1873 until at least 1880, the Misses Peabody turned the place into a summer retreat for boarders from Massachusetts cities. (After Amherst’s grand hotel was destroyed by fire in January 1876, the

Amherst_House_AmherstSt133_PeabodyHouse

Greek Revival style house at 133 Amherst Street, built 1855 by/for Francis Peabody (1793-1872), farmer and carpenter. After the death of their father, Daniel A. Peabody & his two sisters opened it for summer boarders. Pictured are Daniel & wife Emma, circa 1900.

newspaper editor was relieved to be able to report that the houses of D. A. Peabody and three others in the Village would provide good accommodations for those attending the grand-jury court session held in town that May.)  An example of a boarder who stayed in this house was the 24-year-old daughter of the minister of the Bulfinch Street Church in Boston, hoping the “pure air” here would cure her consumption but over two months in 1878 she gradually wasted away and died here. Another early summer boarder was an experienced art teacher named Miss Sophronia P. Oakes. It may have been her example that inspired Miss Margaret B. Peabody (1837-1893) to become an artist and art teacher. In 1876, Margaret was granted the use of a room in the Spring street school house, Nashua, for her class in that city and she had “the entire charge” of the drawing department at McGaw Institute, Reed’s Ferry; in 1880 and 1882 she had a studio for pupils and orders in Milford center during spring and fall. Sadly, the older sister, Miss Lydia E. Peabody (1829-1886) died of pulmonary consumption at age 57.     

      Daniel decided to travel west to Colorado, where his brother David had recently located. Margaret intended to accompany him, but suffered hemorrhage of the lungs while visiting in Massachusetts in July 1887, putting an end to her trip and delaying his. Daniel arrived in Colorado in January 1888. He staked his own claim there until a severe attack of rheumatic fever in March 1889 forced his retreat to his brother’s in Denver for better nursing. Next thing his surprised friends knew, he had returned to New Hampshire to fetch a bride. In April 1890 in her hometown of Greenfield, N.H., at age 48, Daniel wed Miss Emma Robertson, a 39-year-old teacher who had taught in Amherst among other nearby towns. However, “their surroundings in Denver were not congenial for a permanent residence” (as her obituary would later explain), so after about two years they returned to the Peabody homestead in Amherst. And soon after that, in 1893, sister Margaret died at 56. A few years later, the health of Daniel’s wife Emma declined as she suffered from debilitating rheumatism that restricted her to home. Her mother lived with them for a while, providing care and housekeeping, and for the 1902/3 winter, the Peasbodys stayed with her brother in Greenfield so that her sister-in-law and mother could care for her. Emma’s mother died at age 90 in March 1806 at Greenfield and Emma died aged 57 in Oct. 1906 at home in Amherst.

What to do in that spacious house all alone?  Daniel kept his room but rented the place 1907-1911 to his wife’s sister & husband, Mr. & Mrs. Fred W. Barnes with their five teen children, who ran the place again as a summer boardinghouse while Fred commuted to work in Milford.

New House, New Home

      In 1912, Daniel sold the house built by his father, and built himself a smaller one around the corner. Work for the new bungalow at 7 Lyndeborough Road began in October 1912 and it was ready for occupation in April 1913. When he sold it in Nov. 1918 to move to the Soldiers’ Home in Tilton, N.H., he auctioned off 12 hens and an “extra good driving horse, safe in every spot and place” and his “2 seated open surry.” 

      Daniel had ongoing problems with his legs. In Nov. 1901, when he was 59, he had received treatment at Saint Luke’s hospital in New York city that enabled him to walk again without the aid of crutches or cane and with less pain. In 1904 he was a patient at the hospital in Manchester. And in 1907, having “suffered with varicose ulcers on his ankles for the past three years,” Daniel received a series of operations at Massachusetts General hospital in Boston, where he stayed from early August to mid November. In 1918, he would undergo a successful operation at St. Josephs Hospital in Nashua.  At the Soldiers’ Home, Peabody was bed-ridden with bad ankles from February

Amherst_House_LyndeboroRd7_DAPeabody_202

Bungalow at 7 Lyndeborough Road, built 1912/’13 by/for Daniel A. Peabody (1842-1925), Civil War veteran and retired farmer.

through June of 1920, when he wrote: “There are nine in the ward now, six have died since last fall and four since I have been in here.” But he declared himself contented and happy to be there – although he had to miss Memorial Day at his hometown that year, but he did come down to Amherst in November to vote in the elections – when 295 votes were cast, of which 199 where by women voting for the first time.

Last Veteran

      When Amherst’s G.A.R. post was organized in 1879, Daniel A. Peabody was one of 18 charter members, some of whom had moved to town after the war; more joined shortly. Peabody was a fixture at their annual meetings and Decoration Day exercises, especially in his later years. From around 1901, he was Adjutant of the Post. By 1904, Peabody, veteran of the 5th Regt., was one of only two men who had enlisted from Amherst still living in town, the other being J. Appleton Skinner (1830-1915), bugler of the 10th Regt., resident at 6 Manchester Road in the Village. In 1913, Peabody and another vet, Frank M. Ackerman, made a trip together to Gettysburg. After he moved to the Soldiers’ Home, he would still return to Amherst for Memorial Day. In Spring 1923, Peabody boarded at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Jacobson at the Hudson farm (the now-dilapidated house at 17 Christian Hill Road) so that he could attend the observances at which he acted as Commander of Phelps Post, which “had but two members” attending, assisted by two G. A. R. members of Milford’s Lull Post which still had 11 living members. In 1925, “only three members of Phelps Post [were still] living and all [including Peabody] were too feeble to attend,” although their comrade Eben Meserve of Lowell, a former member, was present. 

      To close, let’s back up a bit to cover two late events of Peabody’s life. In August 1919, when he was 77, he married a 41-year-old divorcee, Celia Oske, recently “of Amherst.” The Milford Cabinet reported in Oct. 1919: “Mr. and Mrs. D. A. Peabody are keeping house for two months with a civil war veteran in Tilton. Later the veterans will return to the Soldiers’ Home and Mrs. Peabody will be with a family nearby.” (My guess is that the other veteran was his buddy Jefferson T. Benson who last visited Amherst for Memorial week 1920 and died in 1921, aged 77. Peabody accompanied his body to Amherst for the funeral and burial.) Wife no. 2 died in Feb. 1922, aged 44, the cause recorded as “organic disease of heart and rheumatism of years duration”; Peabody accompanied her remains to Amherst and then returned to the Soldiers’ Home. In Nov. 1923 at Conway, at age 81, Peabody married wife no. 3,  45-year-old widowed nurse, Florence Crawford of Cambridge, Mass., and they moved to Newton, N.H., where he died in their private home at age 83 from a fractured hip. The funeral and burial of this last Civil War veteran of Amherst were fittingly held at Amherst. 

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Sources: Primarily the Farmers’/Milford Cabinet newspaper; also vital records and deeds.

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Katrina Holman welcomes comments to HistoricAmherstNH@juno.com

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